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Since 1986, the British government, faced with dwindling budgets
and growing calls for public accountability, has sought to assess
the value of scholarly work in the nation's universities.
Administrators have periodically evaluated the research of most
full-time academics employed in British universities, seeking to
distribute increasingly scarce funding to those who use it best.
How do such attempts to quantify the worth of knowledge change the
nature of scholarship? Juan Pablo Pardo-Guerra examines the effects
of quantitative research evaluations on British social scientists,
arguing that the mission to measure academic excellence resulted in
less diversity and more disciplinary conformity. Combining
interviews and original computational analyses, The Quantified
Scholar provides a compelling account of how scores, metrics, and
standardized research evaluations altered the incentives of
scientists and administrators by rewarding forms of scholarship
that were closer to established disciplinary canons. In doing so,
research evaluations amplified publication hierarchies and
long-standing forms of academic prestige to the detriment of
diversity. Slowly but surely, they reshaped academic departments,
the interests of scholars, the organization of disciplines, and the
employment conditions of researchers. Critiquing the effects of
quantification on the workplace, this book also presents
alternatives to existing forms of evaluation, calling for new forms
of vocational solidarity that can challenge entrenched inequality
in academia.
Since 1986, the British government, faced with dwindling budgets
and growing calls for public accountability, has sought to assess
the value of scholarly work in the nation's universities.
Administrators have periodically evaluated the research of most
full-time academics employed in British universities, seeking to
distribute increasingly scarce funding to those who use it best.
How do such attempts to quantify the worth of knowledge change the
nature of scholarship? Juan Pablo Pardo-Guerra examines the effects
of quantitative research evaluations on British social scientists,
arguing that the mission to measure academic excellence resulted in
less diversity and more disciplinary conformity. Combining
interviews and original computational analyses, The Quantified
Scholar provides a compelling account of how scores, metrics, and
standardized research evaluations altered the incentives of
scientists and administrators by rewarding forms of scholarship
that were closer to established disciplinary canons. In doing so,
research evaluations amplified publication hierarchies and
long-standing forms of academic prestige to the detriment of
diversity. Slowly but surely, they reshaped academic departments,
the interests of scholars, the organization of disciplines, and the
employment conditions of researchers. Critiquing the effects of
quantification on the workplace, this book also presents
alternatives to existing forms of evaluation, calling for new forms
of vocational solidarity that can challenge entrenched inequality
in academia.
Trading floors are a thing of the past. Thanks to a combination of
computers, high-speed networks and algorithms, millions of
financial transactions now happen in fractions of a second. This
book studies the automation of stock markets in the United Kingdom
and the United States of America, identifying the invisible actors,
devices, and politics that were central to the creation of
electronic trading. In addition to offering a detailed account of
how stock exchanges wrestled with technology, the book also invites
readers to rethink the nature of markets in modern societies.
Markets, it argues, are sites for the creation of relations, and in
studying how these relations changed through technology, the book
highlights the sources, dynamics, and consequences of automation.
In this respect, the book is both a history of automation in
finance and a sociological analysis of the way in which automation
gradually changed the lives and work of key financial actors.
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